Lubricant and Functional Fluid Additive Package, and Lubricants and Functional Fluids Containing Same

ABSTRACT

Provided is a lubricant or functional fluid composition of a lubricating viscosity and including: an oil, which may include one or more polyalphaolefins; an anti-wear component which may include alkylated triarylphosphate and partially esterified alkyl phosphate; an antioxidant component which may include alkylated phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine, phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine and mixtures thereof; an anti-rust component including an alkenyl succinic acid ester anti-rust agent; and a metal deactivator component including a tolytriazole derivative. Also included are additives and additive kits for combining with an oil to form the a lubricant or functional fluid composition.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation application of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 13/848,227, filed Mar. 21, 2013, which is acontinuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/924,984, filed Oct.8, 2010, each of which is entirely incorporated herein by reference.

GOVERNMENT SUPPORT

This invention was made with government support under contract no.N00024-05-C-4169 awarded by the Department of Defense. The governmentmay have certain rights in the invention.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

Provided are lubricant and functional fluids and applications therefor.

BACKGROUND

Lubricants and functional fluids used in submarine propulsion systemsmust meet challenging operating conditions. Submarines function veryindependently which means that their operating systems need to performreliably over long time periods. If a problem occurs with a submarine atsea, the chances for outside assistance are remote. A lubricating fluidin a submarine must therefore be very reliable and due to weightrestraints multifunctional.

The current lubricating oil used in submarines (known as 2190-TEP) is amineral oil based fluid that meets the military specificationMIL-PRF-17331. This oil has been used in submarines for the past fortyyears but the US Navy has increased the severity of the operatingconditions in its fleet.

One of the principal objectives of the present invention is to providelubricating oil that can provide effective lubricity to faster new drivesystems that have much higher gear-to-fluid volume interactions, whileunder higher operating temperatures, which lead to more thermalefficiency. The net result of these more stressful operating conditionsis that the existing fluid is failing more quickly leading to high oilreplacement and high disposal costs.

The three problems associated with this general objective are (a) highdepletion of antioxidants in the mineral oil based fluid, (b) sharpincreases in total acid number and (c) severe off-gassing events.Degradation leads to the formation of components such as formaldehydeand carbon monoxide that can be particularly hazardous in the closeoperating conditions of the submarine.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The embodiments of the invention described herein addresses theshortcomings of the prior art.

The more rigorous performance conditions demanded by newer ships can behandled by the switch to the lubricating fluids in accordance with thepresent invention. In addition to submarines, newer surface ships withcontrollable pitch propeller systems have placed additional demands onthe existing 2190-TEP lubricant. The fluids of the present invention mayalso find advantageous use as hydraulic fluids, air compressor fluidsand reducing gear fluids, giving the advantage that a single formulationmay be produced, stored and sourced for a variety of uses, especiallybeneficial while at sea. Accordingly, applications for lubricant orfunctional fluid additive packages and lubricants and functional fluidsof the present invention include lubricating and hydraulic oil, andother functional fluids for motion control, steam turbines and gears inships and submarines, as submarine air compressor lubricating oil, andin controllable pitch propeller systems in ships and submarines.

In addition, lubricant or functional fluid additive packages andlubricants and functional fluids of the present invention may findadditional commercial applications in lubricating environments involvingdesired low turnover and/or high gear-to-fluid volume interactions, suchas may be found, for instance in wind turbine gear systems.

Of particular interest in many military applications are new lubricantsor functional fluids that are able to provide both corrosion resistanceand lubricating properties. Until now no synthetic lubricant compositionhas met certain stringent military requirements such as those in U.S.military specification MIL-PRF-17331 for both lubricating andanticorrosive properties.

In addition, fluids of the present invention may be used in the windturbine industry. Many of the issues faced in submarines are alsopresented in wind turbines, which must operate over long operating timeintervals in remote locations, and with substantial effort and expenseassociated with lubricant change-over.

The invention includes an additive package, a lubricant or functionalfluid including the additive package, and devices containing thelubricant or functional fluid.

Lubricant or Functional Fluid Additive

In general terms, the lubricant or functional fluid additive of theinvention may be described as a lubricant or functional fluid additivefor a polyolefin oil blend, including a mixture of: (a) an anti-wearcomponent consisting essentially of 95% isopropylated triarylphosphate,which has the following general chemical structure:

and 5% dodecyl phosphate, which has the following general chemicalstructure:

the dodecyl phosphate being only partially esterified, the anti-wearcomponent present in the polyolefin oil blend in a range of from about0.75 percent to about 2.00 percent by weight; (b) an antioxidantcomponent selected from the group consisting of alkylatedphenyl-alpha-naphthylamine (“APAN”), phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine (“PAN”)and mixtures thereof, and present in the polyolefin oil blend in a rangeof from about 0.75 percent to about 2.00 percent by weight; (c) ananti-rust component including an alkylated succinic acid ester anti-rustagent, and present in the polyolefin oil blend in a range of from about0.025 percent to about 0.075 percent by weight; and (d) a metaldeactivator component including a tolytriazole derivative, which has thefollowing general chemical structure:

and present in the polyolefin oil blend in a range of from about 0.025percent to about 0.075 percent by weight.

It is preferred that the antioxidant component is present in thepolyolefin oil blend in a range of from about 1.00 percent to about 2.00percent by weight, and also that the anti-wear component consistsessentially of Durad 310M.

It is preferred that the anti-wear component is present in thepolyolefin oil blend in a range of from about 1.00 percent to about 2.00percent by weight, and also that the antioxidant component consistsessentially of Naugalube APAN or PAN, which has the following generalchemical structure:

In this same regard, it was found that, where the anti-wear componentconsists essentially of APAN and/or PAN, or consists only of APAN and/orPAN, the most improved anti-oxidative performance was achieved.

As to the anti-rust component, it is preferred that the anti-rustcomponent is present in the polyolefin oil blend in a range of fromabout 0.045 percent to about 0.055 percent by weight, and also that theanti-rust component consists essentially of LZ-859, which has thefollowing general chemical structure:

The metal deactivator component is preferably present in the polyolefinoil blend in a range of from about 0.045 percent to about 0.055 percentby weight, and also preferably consists essentially of Irgamet 39.

In the preferred embodiment, the lubricant additive for a polyolefin oilblend may include a mixture of: (a) an anti-wear component consistingessentially of 95% isopropylated triarylphosphate and 5% dodecylphosphate, the dodecyl phosphate being only partially esterified, theanti-wear component present in the polyolefin oil blend in a range offrom about 1.00 percent to about 2.00 percent by weight; (b) anantioxidant component selected from the group consisting of alkylatedphenyl-alpha-naphthylamine, phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine and mixturesthereof, and present in the polyolefin oil blend in a range of fromabout 1.00 percent to about 2.00 percent by weight; (c) an anti-rustcomponent including an alkylated succinic acid ester anti-rust agent,and present in the polyolefin oil blend in a range of from about 0.045percent to about 0.055 percent by weight; and (d) a metal deactivatorcomponent including a tolytriazole derivative, and present in thepolyolefin oil blend in a range of from about 0.045 percent to about0.055 percent by weight.

Lubricant/Functional Fluid Composition

The lubricant/functional fluid composition of the present invention isof a lubricating viscosity and may include: (a) a polyalphaolefin havinga viscosity of about 10 centiStokes at 100° C. and present in thelubricant or functional fluid composition in a range of from about 84percent to about 88 percent by weight; (b) a polyalphaolefin having aviscosity of about 40 centiStokes at 100° C. and present in thelubricant or functional fluid composition in a range of from about 11percent to about 13 percent by weight; (c) an anti-wear componentconsisting essentially of 95% isopropylated triarylphosphate and 5%dodecyl phosphate, the dodecyl phosphate being only partiallyesterified, the anti-wear component present in the polyolefin oil blendin a range of from about 0.75 percent to about 2.00 percent by weight;(d) an antioxidant component selected from the group consisting ofalkylated phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine, phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine andmixtures thereof, and present in the polyolefin oil blend in a range offrom about 0.75 percent to about 2.00 percent by weight; (e) ananti-rust component including an alkylated succinic acid ester anti-rustagent, and present in the polyolefin oil blend in a range of from about0.025 percent to about 0.075 percent by weight; and (f) a metaldeactivator component including a tolytriazole derivative, and presentin the polyolefin oil blend in a range of from about 0.025 percent toabout 0.075 percent by weight.

Preferably, the polyalphaolefin having a viscosity of about 10centiStokes at 100° C. is present in the lubricant or functional fluidcomposition in an amount of about 86 percent by weight; and thepolyalphaolefin having a viscosity of about 40 centiStokes at 100° C. ispresent in the lubricant or functional fluid composition in an amount ofabout 12 percent by weight.

The preferred parameters of the additive package may be as set forthabove.

The lubricant or functional fluid additive and lubricant or functionalfluid composition of the present invention optionally may include one ormore dyes, such as Unisol Liquid Red BHF, or Silicone Oil(polydimethlysiloxane), such as Dow Corning 200, which has the followinggeneral chemical structure:

The preferred lubricant/functional fluid composition may include:

PAO 10 85.788 PAO 40 12.000 Durad 310M 1.000 Naugalube APAN 1.000 LZ-8590.100 Irgamet 39 0.100 Unisol Liquid Red 0.010 BHF Dow Corning 200 0.002

As to uses of the present invention, the lubricant or functional fluidor functional fluid may find uses in any application requiring highperformance, with the advantages of stable storage and use inenvironments that may have to accommodate low lubricant or functionalfluid turnover. Examples may include marine and submarine use, as wellas lubrication and functional fluid applications in wind turbines andthe like.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIGS. 1A-1C includes depictions of an apparatus used in a wear test usedto validate results obtained in accordance with an example embodiment;FIG. 1A is an illustration of a specimen configuration; FIG. 1B is anillustration of a gear material; and FIG. 1C is an illustration ofspecimen processing.

FIG. 2 is a graph of the parameters of the results obtained in a highspeed load capacity test, validating the beneficial characteristicsobtained in accordance with an example embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

In accordance with the foregoing summary, the following describes apreferred embodiment of the present invention which is considered to bethe best mode thereof. The invention will now be described in detailwith regard for the best mode and preferred embodiment.

The following technical reports describe the development of theantioxidant as well as a brief chronological summary of the 2190-S fluiddevelopment.

The research was designed to develop a synthetic alternative to Navy2190-TEP. A series of synthetic basestocks and mixtures were evaluated,such as polyalphaolefins, alkylated naphthalenes, diesters, polyolesters and polyalkylene glycols, all containing a common commerciallyavailable additive package. Lubrizol 857 additive was used, which isrecommended at a treat level of 1.4-3.0% in petroleum basestocks to meetthe requirements of Navy's MIL-PRF-17331 specification. The researchidentified 3 candidate fluids that looked promising in most regards,with the exception of rust protection.

Further research focused on improving the rust protection of thecandidate formulations. The Lubrizol 857 package was recommended for useat 1.4-3.0%, and was applied initially at a level of 1.5%. Increasingthe concentration of the LZ 857 to 3.0-5.0% improved the rustprotection, but it was found to be insoluble in the PAO basestock atconcentrations above 2.0%. One of the major components of LZ-857 istricresyl phosphate (TCP) antiwear (AW) additive. Solubility experimentsshowed that TCP has poor solubility in PAO.

It became apparent that there was still a need to improve the solubilityof the antiwear additive in PAO. Chemtura of Middlebury, Conn.manufactures TCP under the trade name Durad 125. The Durad product lineincludes a number of other alkylated triarylphosphate esters with largeralkyl groups on the triarylphosphate. Durad 300 is an isopropylatedtriarylphosphate and Durad 620B is a t-butylated triaryphosphate. It wasfound that substituting the methyl groups on TCP with isopropyl ort-butyl groups greatly improved the PAO solubility of these AWadditives.

It was further determined to examine other components of the additivepackage to see what other attributes of the finished fluid could beimproved by reformulation of the additive. The second major component ofthe Lubrizol 857 additive package is the antioxidant (AO). Most of theAO development effort was conducted over a period of several months. Itwas during this period that PAN and APAN were identified as the best AOperformers and BC-1 as the best finished fluid formulation.

A foaming test indicated that the BC-1 formula required an antifoam (AF)additive to meet the specification requirements, so apolydimethylsoloxane, Dow Corning 200, was added, with the new formulabeing called BC-1A. BC-1A remained the best candidate for two yearsuntil evaluated against the existing 2190-TEP fluid in an FZG gearlubrication test. Although BC-1A met the MIL-PRF-17331 specificationgear test requirement, it did not perform as well as 2190-TEP.

It was determined to adjust the formulation again by modifying the DuradAW additive. Durad 310M is a mixture of 95% Durad 300 isopropylatedtriarylphosphate and 5% dodecyl phosphate. The dodecyl phosphate is onlypartially esterified, leaving some free acid phosphate present that isinherently more reactive towards active sites on a steel gear surface.The free acid phosphate acts as a trigger to initiate the formation ofan iron phosphate lubricating film at the asperity contacts of therubbing steel surfaces. A test method was needed to optimize the AWcharacteristics and gear lubrication properties of the formulation.

The US Navy has used the Ryder Gear Test as a means of evaluatingaviation gas turbine engine oils. While it has enjoyed a successfulhistory, it also has some drawbacks as a test. A few years ago, the Navyfunded Wedeven Associates to develop an alternative test to simulate thespeeds, loads and sliding forces experienced by gear teeth. See FIG. 1.The Wedeven Associates Machine (WAM) utilizes a steel ball rotating on arotating disc, which are driven independently, allowing for full rollingmotion, full sliding motion, or anything in between. To demonstrate theinvention, 7-8 different formulations prepared with varyingconcentrations of Durad 620B and Durad 310M. The WAM test results showeda treat level of 1% Durad 310M to provide the most cost effective meansof achieving the same AW characteristics and gear lubrication propertiesas the incumbent 2190-TEP fluid. This formulation is referred to asBC-1A-5 and is the current 2190-S formula.

The preferred lubricant/functional fluid composition includes:

PAO 10 85.788 PAO 40 12.000 Durad 310M 1.000 Naugalube APAN 1.000 LZ-8590.100 Irgamet 39 0.100 Unisol Liquid Red 0.010 BHF Dow Corning 200 0.002

Antioxidant Evaluation

The effectiveness of various antioxidants in the synthetic fluid wasevaluated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) in accordancewith the ASTM D6186 method to measure the oxidation induction time ofthe fluid formulations. Initially the formulations were tested underconditions of atmospheric pressure and 200° C. Later the test conditionswere modified by decreasing the temperature to 180 and increasingpressure to 500 PSI. An iron catalyst was also added to promoteoxidation.

In both sets of tests, formulation BC-7 containingphenylalphanaphthylamine (PAN) and BC-1 containing alkylatedphenylalphanaphthylamine (APAN) proved to offer superior oxidationresistance.

TABLE 1 Antioxidant Comparison 2190-TEP BC-1 BC-3 BC-4 BC-5 BC-6 BC-7PAO-10 (B) — 87.8 85.8 85.8 85.8 85.8 85.8 PAO-40 (C) — 10.0 12.0 12.012.0 12.0 12.0 Durad 620B — 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 LZ-859 — 0.1 0.1 0.10.1 0.1 0.1 Irgamet 39 — 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Antioxidants Naugalube— 1.0 — — — — — APAN Vanlube 81 — — 1.0 — — — — Naugalube 640 — — — 1.0— — — Naugalube — — — — 1.0 — — 438L Naugalube 531 — — — — — 1.0 — CibaL06 — — — — — — 1.0 Total — 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 DSC OIT@ 22 106 14 9 11 20 78 200 C., min. PDSC OIT @ 15 93 32 40 24 7 115 180C., min (With 50 ppm Fe Catalyst)

These results demonstrate the unanticipated results obtained with thepreferred embodiment of the present invention with respect to theantioxidant performance, as compared to other formulations outside thescope of the present invention.

Lubrication Evaluation

Rapid and fairly economical tribological test methods that may simulatethe sliding friction and forces of gear teeth, such as those developedby Wedeven Associates, use a WAM ball-on-disk machine as shown inFIG. 1. Both the ball and disk are made of AISI 9310 steel typicallyused for gear applications, and are independently driven so theirrotational speeds and contact load can be controlled. The test wasactually developed with funding from NAVAIR in an effort to develop analternative to their Ryder Gear Test Method that has been routinely usedto evaluate aviation gearbox and gas turbine engine oils. Thelubrication characteristics of the 2190-S fluid were optimized throughsubjecting a series of formulations for WAM Load Capacity testing.

Originally, samples of Navy 2190-TEP and the current 2190-S (labeledBC-1A) were tested, along with two additional formulations BC-1A-2 andBC-1A-3. The formulation designated 2190-S (BC-1A) contained 1% Durad620B anti-wear additive. BC-1A-2 contained 2% of Durad 620B and BC-1A-3contained 1.5% Durad 620B and 0.5% Durad 310M. Navy 2190-TEP exhibited aWAM Load Stage Failure of 24, while the BC-1A, BC-1A-2 and BC-1A-3 gaveload stage failures of 14, 18 and 23 respectively.

Based on these results, it became clear that the Durad 310M was a muchmore effective load carrying additive than Durad 620B. In order tooptimize the formulation for cost and performance, three more fluidswere prepared. BC-1A-4 contained 0.5% each of 620B and 310M, BC-1A-5contained 1.0% 310M alone, and BC-1A-6 contained 1.0% each of 620B and310M. These fluids produced load stage failures of 23, 26 and 26respectively. BC-1A-5 is considered to be the optimum formulationbecause it provides the highest load capacity at the lowest anti-wearadditive treat level. Fluid formulations and corresponding WAM loadstage failure loads are listed in Table 2.

Durad 620B and 310M are similar compounds with important differences.Both are alkylated triphenyl phosphates, but the alkyl groups on the620B are butyl groups, while those on 310M are isopropyl groups. Moreimportantly, the 310M contains 5% of an alkyl acid phosphate, whichgives the 310M and acid value of 10-15 mg KOH/g versus an acid value of0.1 maximum for 620B. The free acid phosphate has a strong affinity formetal surfaces and forms lubricious surface films more readily than theneutral acid phosphate.

TABLE 2 Effect of Antiwear Additive Package on WAM Load Capacity Fluid2190- Components TEP BC-1A BC-1A-2 BC-1A-3 BC-1A-4 BC-1A-5 BC-1A-6 PAO10 85.788 84.788 84.888 85.888 85.888 84.888 PAO 40 12.000 12.000 12.00012.000 12.000 12.000 Durad 620B 1.000 2.000 1.500 0.500 1.000 Durad 310M0.500 0.500 1.000 1.000 APAN 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 LZ 8590.100 0.100 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 Irgamet 39 0.100 0.100 0.050 0.0500.050 0.050 Unisol Red 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 DC-200 0.0020.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 TOTAL 100.000 100.000 100.000 100.000100.000 100.000 100.000 WAM Load 24 14 18 23 23 26 26 Stage Failure

FIG. 2 is a graph of the parameters of the results obtained in a highspeed load capacity test, validating the beneficial characteristicsobtained in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.

These results further demonstrate the unanticipated results obtainedwith the preferred embodiment of the present invention with respect tothe further anti-wear package performance, in addition to the resultsobtained with respect to the antioxidant performance described above ascompared to other formulations outside the scope of the presentinvention.

The instant invention is shown and described herein in what isconsidered to be the most practical and preferred embodiments. It isrecognized, however, that departures may be made therefrom which arewithin the scope of the invention, and that obvious modifications willoccur to one skilled in the art upon reading this disclosure.

1. A lubricant or functional fluid composition of a lubricatingviscosity and comprising: (a) a polyalphaolefin having a viscosity ofabout 10 centiStokes at 100° C. and present in said lubricant orfunctional fluid composition in a range of from about 84 percent toabout 88 percent by weight; (b) a polyalphaolefin having a viscosity ofabout 40 centiStokes at 100° C. and present in said lubricant orfunctional fluid composition in a range of from about 11 percent toabout 13 percent by weight; (c) an anti-wear component consistingessentially of 95% isopropylated triarylphosphate and 5% dodecylphosphate, said dodecyl phosphate being only partially esterified, saidanti-wear component present in said polyolefin oil blend in a range offrom about 1.00 percent to about 2.00 percent by weight, said anti-wearcomponent being characterized by an acid value from about 10 mg KOH/g toabout 15 mg KOH/g; (d) an antioxidant component selected from the groupconsisting of alkylated phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine,phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine and mixtures thereof, and present in saidpolyolefin oil blend in a range of from about 0.75 percent to about 2.00percent by weight; (e) an anti-rust component comprising an alkenylsuccinic acid ester anti-rust agent, and present in said polyolefin oilblend in a range of from about 0.025 percent to about 0.075 percent byweight; and (f) a metal deactivator component comprising a tolytriazolederivative, and present in said polyolefin oil blend in a range of fromabout 0.025 percent to about 0.075 percent by weight.
 2. The lubricantor functional fluid composition of claim 1, wherein said polyalphaolefinhaving a viscosity of about 10 centiStokes at 100° C. is present in saidlubricant or functional fluid composition in an amount of about 86percent by weight; and wherein said polyalphaolefin having a viscosityof about 40 centiStokes at 100° C. is present in said lubricant orfunctional fluid composition in an amount of about 12 percent by weight.3. The lubricant or functional fluid composition of claim 1, whereinsaid antioxidant component is present in said polyolefin oil blend in arange of from about 1.00 percent to about 2.00 percent by weight.
 4. Thelubricant or functional fluid composition of claim 3, wherein saidantioxidant component consists essentially of the alkylatedphenyl-alpha-naphthylamine.
 5. The lubricant or functional fluidcomposition of claim 1, wherein said anti-rust component is present insaid polyolefin oil blend in a range of from about 0.045 percent toabout 0.055 percent by weight.
 6. The lubricant or functional fluidcomposition of claim 5, wherein said anti-rust component consistsessentially of the alkenyl succinic acid ester anti-rust agent.
 7. Thelubricant or functional fluid composition of claim 1, wherein said metaldeactivator component is present in said polyolefin oil blend in a rangeof from about 0.045 percent to about 0.055 percent by weight.
 8. Thelubricant or functional fluid composition of claim 7, wherein saidanti-rust component consists essentially of the tolytriazole derivative.9. The lubricant or functional fluid composition of claim 1,characterized by a Wedeven Associates Machine (WAM) load stage failuretest rating of about the same or greater compared to a WAM load stagefailure test rating of 2190-TEP under the same test conditions.
 10. Alubricant or functional fluid composition of a lubricating viscosity,comprising: a polyalphaolefin having a viscosity of about 10 centiStokesat 100° C. and present in the lubricant or functional fluid compositionin an amount of 85.8 percent by weight; a polyalphaolefin having aviscosity of about 40 centiStokes at 100° C. and present in thelubricant or functional fluid composition in an amount of 12 percent byweight; an anti-wear component consisting essentially of 95%isopropylated triarylphosphate and 5% dodecyl phosphate, the dodecylphosphate being only partially esterified, the anti-wear componentpresent in the polyolefin oil blend in an amount of 1 percent by weight,the anti-wear component characterized by an acid value from about 10 mgKOH/g to about 15 mg KOH/g; an antioxidant component selected from thegroup consisting of alkylated phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine,phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine and mixtures thereof, the antioxidant beingpresent in the polyolefin oil blend in an amount of 1 percent by weight;an anti-rust component comprising an alkenyl succinic acid esteranti-rust agent, the anti-rust component being present in the polyolefinoil blend in an amount of about 0.1 percent by weight; a metaldeactivator component comprising a tolytriazole derivative, the metaldeactivator component being present in the polyolefin oil blend in anamount of 0.1 percent by weight; a dye present in the polyolefin oilblend in an amount of 0.01 percent by weight; and a polydimethlysiloxanepresent in the polyolefin oil blend in an amount of 0.002 percent byweight, the lubricant or functional fluid composition beingcharacterized by a Wedeven Associates Machine (WAM) load stage failuretest rating of about the same or greater compared to a WAM load stagefailure test rating of 2190-TEP under the same test conditions.
 11. Alubricant or functional fluid composition of a lubricating viscosity andcomprising: a polyolefin oil blend, comprising: a polyalphaolefin havinga viscosity of about 10 centiStokes at 100° C. and present in thelubricant or functional fluid composition in a range of from about 84percent to about 88 percent by weight; and a polyalphaolefin having aviscosity of about 40 centiStokes at 100° C. and present in thelubricant or functional fluid composition in a range of from about 11percent to about 13 percent by weight; an anti-wear component consistingessentially of 95% isopropylated triarylphosphate and 5% dodecylphosphate, the dodecyl phosphate being only partially esterified, theanti-wear component being present in the polyolefin oil blend in a rangeof from about 1 percent by weight to about 2 percent by weight, theanti-wear component being characterized by an acid value of from about10 mg KOH/g to about 15 mg KOH/g; an antioxidant component selected fromthe group consisting of alkylated phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine,phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine and mixtures thereof, the antioxidantcomponent being present in the polyolefin oil blend in a range of fromabout 0.75 percent by weight to about 2 percent by weight; an anti-rustcomponent comprising an alkenyl succinic acid ester anti-rust agent, theanti-rust component being present in the polyolefin oil blend in a rangeof from about 0.05 percent by weight to about 0.125 percent by weight;and a metal deactivator component comprising a tolytriazole derivative,the metal deactivator component being present in the polyolefin oilblend in a range of from about 0.025 percent by weight to about 0.125percent by weight.